The Mambo Kings Play Songs Of Love Essays - Gulf Of Mexico, Havana

The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love Harper Collins Publishers 1989 407 Pages (No Bibliography, Pics, Maps or Index) The book that I read was rather pornographic. It was a story about 2 brothers and 6 other people who put together a band and played in clubs almost every night. After playing their gigs, they'd go off and get drunk and then go sleep with about 4 different girls every night. None of them were settled down because they always were going places and meeting new people. They started their band in a place called Havana, Cuba. They were very unknown until they met a guy at a bar one night named Desi Arnaz. He offered them a contract and signed them with jobs in the United States. So being young and free, they left with almost nothing to start their new life in the states. The first place they went to, which was later their favorite place, was Miami, Florida. They played in clubs late at night still bringing girls back to their hotel rooms. They started to get noticed. Oscar Hijuelos was the author of the book The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love and also the book called Our House in the Last World. Oscar was born in 1951 in the city of Havana, Cuba and was born to both Cuban parents. He now currently lives in New York. I do like how the author wrote this book basically because it was easy reading. It was very long in some parts, but you could understand it easily. It never left you feeling as if you didn't understand a part. He wrote in sections and not chapters. There were only 3 sections in the book and so it was easier to follow because he didn't have to keep starting a new chapter. I read this book by dividing it into how many pages I'd read each day. I had to read about 28 pages in it a day and I kept that promise to myself. I read every day and I got the book done on time. In each section of the book, the author started off in a new club. He started it off at a different time every time. He had it start off one time at 11:23pm in a nightclub in Miami, and the other ones at 11:57pm and 12:02am. The brothers always seemed to be at a nightclub whether or not they were playing that night. The always got drunk and I liked how the author would show you just how drunk they were by their actions. I believe that there are actually two stories going on in this book. And they are about the same group of people. Because one of the stories is being told to you as the lives of musicians who go about their daily lives in the daytime, but then become drunk and sleazy at night when they go off and play in clubs. They always talk about wanting to settle down with a woman and have a family, but then at night, they go off and stay out until about 4am with a bunch of girls after playing in a smoke-filled room with a bunch of drunken men. "Like his music, the Mambo King was very direct in those days. He and Vanna Vane had just been out to dinner at the club Babalu and Cesar said to her, as she chewed on a piece of plantain fritter, "Vanna, I'm in love with you, and I want a chance to show you what it's like to be with a man like me."" Just on that quote, it initiates the fact that even the Mambo King wanted to get settled down. But right after that quote, she said no to him and so he went and slept with some stripper he met in a bar that night. Another quote that describes how they are at night is this one, "I saw her. A woman with a broken leg in a cast, standing up in a phone booth during a rainstorm in Atlantic City, the gales whipping against the glass, things so dark around them nobody could see, so that in the ferocity of the winds they started to kiss, his knee pressing between her legs, and this woman saying to hell with it and pulling up her sun skirt and down with her panties, down over her legs and down over the thick plaster cast, so that he lifted

Global Regulatory Regime for Environment The WritePass Journal

Global Regulatory Regime for Environment Introduction: Global Regulatory Regime for Environment ). Previous Environmental Laws: Law governing the environmental aspect of society is known as environmental law. Many such laws have been passed in the United States in the past such as the National Environmental Policy (1969), the Clean Air Act (1970), the Clean Water Act (1972), and the Endangered Species Act (1973). The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 aimed to ensure that all activities whether federal or private must be assessed and evaluated on the pretense of their effect upon the environment and their subsequent influence upon the surroundings around them. This meant that any project in the United States excluding those performed by the President or Congress were to be assessed to ensure that they did not cause immense harm to the environment. This act was implemented when concerns for the environment began to increase and people became more conscious of the effects that their actions caused upon the environment. The Clean Air act of 1970 aimed to ensure that the air remained clean and emissions an d the release of gases was controlled in order to prevent toxic emissions or the release of a high amount of antioxidants Industries and factories were given permits in order to control the amount of emissions they could release and they were heavily penalized if they exceeded the specified amount of emissions allowed to them. There were also days on which emissions were not allowed from factories and businesses were made to seize production in order to let the air remain clean for specific periods of time (Avant et al, 2010). While the above mentioned laws were specific to the United States, there have been laws which governed the whole world at large. Some of these laws are known as customary laws and have become such common practice that it is considered necessary for all countries to be bound by them. These laws are often upheld by authorities such as the United Nations. Such laws are usually laid out after world conferences in the United Nations and examples include the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, World Commission on Environment and Development, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. and the World Summit on Sustainable Development. Protocols are also made between countries which are subsidiary agreements made from the main treaty. These smaller agreements govern certain aspects of the main agreement and put forward additional requirements that must be followed in addition to the main agreement. Some of the most popular protocols include the Kyota Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Bierman Bernd, 2009). Accordingly, many international organizations are also made which seek to implement such environmental goals of which some of the most popular ones include International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Hence, there are many platforms for making international laws and global regulatory regimes in order to promote the environmental cause. Moreover, such actions have been taken before and there are many laws in place governing such issues. (Keohane, 2010). Benefits and Prospects of Adopting a Global Regulatory Regime: Hence, the prospects of adopting a global regulatory regime are quite high as many countries are now mutually concerned regarding the environment and the effects that businesses and industries have upon their countries. Moreover, due to high awareness levels and a lot of media coverage, individuals, businesses, and specifically multinational organizations seek to focus upon the implementation of safe and fair practices for the environment and seek help and support in this regard. There are organizations and international committees which work for this cause and serve as a platform to bring many countries of the world together to discuss important issues Accordingly, as it is often said that brainstorming and consultation can lead to better solutions, the adoption of a global regulatory regime allows the leaders and prominent personalities of the world to mutually decide what is beneficial for their country and the world at large (Keohane, 1984). As the whole planet technically belongs to all individuals and the actions of one country are likely to affect the whole planet, it is also important for there to be a mutual consensus regarding the practices prevalent in different countries across the globe. For example, the USA’s excessive use of aerosol sprays has depleted the ozone layer and this has eventually affected global warming in the whole world. In the same manner, the excess of pollution in the air and other toxic chemicals affect processes such as rain, global warming, and the prevalence of clean water for multiple countries who share borders and water facilities through the use of rivers. Hence, while one country may adopt principles to govern the environmental aspect in their own country, they may not be completely aware of the effect that practices in their own country are having upon other countries and vice versa. Thus, it may be more beneficial to discuss these problems together and on a global platform in order to come up with mutually feasible solutions (Scott, 1998). Accordingly, the feasibility and previous implementation of a global regulatory regime for the environment may be high, yet it is a highly difficult procedure and program to successfully implement and ensure that it is abided by. Thus, there may be several problems associated with the adoption of a global regulatory regime and the attempt to implement it in all countries of the world (Wilson, 1991). Problems with the Adoption of a Global Regulatory Regime: One of the most troubling problems of adopting a global regulatory regime or attempting to implement it is the setting up of an authority to ensure implementation and supervise the regime. It is literally impossible for a regulatory committee to be physically present in all parts of all countries governed by the regime, thus it becomes nearly impossible for such committees to supervise and check whether the laws governing this regime are followed in all parts of all countries. Accordingly, it is not possible or easy to maintain a proper check and balance on the laws governing this global regime and it is not possible to detect offenders easily. If there is no proper way to uphold the regulations in the regime, the regime is likely to be highly ineffective (Wilson, 1991). Moreover, there needs to be a proper way to punish countries which do not follow the regime properly and do not uphold the laws described in it. It may be highly difficult to decide upon a punishment for such countries and even more difficult to implement such a punishment. It may also be easy for countries with higher levels of influence to avoid punishment. Another very tantalizing aspect is to decide upon the judiciary who will preside over such cases and maintain a fair and balanced system. This is highly difficult to implement on a global scale (Sim Teoh, 1997). The costs associated with implementing the system and maintaining a committee for check and balance purposes will be quite high and may be considered unnecessary by many countries. This may also be considered a waste of time and effort by many world leaders and it is highly difficult to arrive at a mutually agreed upon decision. Moreover, the drafting of policies governing the global regulatory regime is likely to be a highly rigorous process which is likely to take a lot of contemplation, argument, and debate. There are not likely to be many occasions on which all countries agree or cooperate and such procedures cannot be forced upon countries which do not agree. Treaties are made by mutual consent and obtaining mutual consent is likely to be the major problem prevailing in the implementation of such policies (Feigener, 1997). Many countries argue and debate for long periods of time concerning the applicability of customary laws towards themselves. Many countries want to be free from having to abide by such laws and put up issues in United Nations meetings. Hence, if the application of customary laws becomes a matter of debate, the adoption of a global regulatory regime is likely to become a matter of intense or perhaps never-ending debate (Sadiq Governortori, 2010). There are costs associated with the implementation of environmental controls and these costs are likely to be high. Hence, all countries may not be willing to implement these costs within their respective country as it may be burdening upon their budget and they may have other concerns for which to allocate their national budget to. Due to the associated costs, many countries refrain from indulging in environmentally friendly practices and this includes countries such as the United States of America.   Moreover, many world leaders may consider these extra costs to be unnecessary and burdensome for the economy. It will obviously take extra expenditure on the part of each country separately in order to ensure that regulatory practices are implemented within their own country. Hence, many leaders consider this to be unnecessary expenditure and do not express their consent to indulge in such excessive expenditure. One of the most important reasons for the difficulty in adopting a global environmental regulatory regime is that the circumstances of all countries are different. While the citizens of some countries are educated and aware of the need for an environmental cause, the citizens of other countries are not aware of such problems and have other bigger problem plaguing their nation. Moreover, while some developed countries have the resources and equipment needed to implement environmental controls, other poorer nations of the world completely lack such facilities and cannot support such regimes. Environmental problems affecting different countries are also of diverse natures but it is widely known that developing countries require even more regulatory controls than developed nations as the atmosphere in their countries is highly dangerous for the citizens of the country and leads to many deaths annually. Moreover, awareness programs and other initiatives are required in such countries in order to at least make the situation satisfactory if not excellent. However, these goals and others concerning the environment seem to be a long way away from being fully achieved (Baumgartner Winter, 2013). Conclusion and Recommendations: While it is not easy to adopt a global regulatory regime, countries can hold annual conferences in order to discuss environmental issues and attempt to mutually solve the environmental concerns arising (Nielson Jensen, 2013). Countries who do agree upon implementation of environmental controls can sign treaties and agreements in order to make the implementation of such procedures official. They can also attempt to have talks with the leaders of other countries and provide support for the successful implementation of environmental controls and regulatory regimes in these countries. Support can be through manpower, delegations, or financial aid in order to help other countries conform to the laws governing environmental concerns. However, countries who do not agree upon the implementation of such controls cannot be forced to consider them (Henri Jornalt, 2010). Serious offenders or countries which are severely damaging the environment can be reprimanded through boycotts from other countries, cutting off of trade, foreign aid, or through other means. However, it is necessary to consider the country’s circumstances before such severe consequences are applied   and talks should be carried out in order to solve such issues (Fuerist Mcallister, 2011). Hence, a global regulatory regime can be applied towards some countries of the world but is extremely difficult to apply on all countries of the world and can be considered impossible to some extent.[1] However, there are manners in which countries can take initiatives as a combined body to help the environmental cause and promote the campaign against environmental harm caused by industries and businesses worldwide (Tessitore et al, 2010). References Abbott, K. (2012) The Transnational Regime Complex for Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Anderson, R. (2010) â€Å"Who Controls the Off-Switch?’ Smart Grid Communications International Conference. 96-101 Antweiler, W., B. Copeland, M.S. Taylor. (2001) â€Å"Is free trade good for the environment?† American Economic Review. 91. pp.877–907 Avant, Deborah D., Martha Finnemore, Susan K. Sell, eds. (2010) Who Governs the Globe?. Cambridge University Press. Baumgartner, R. Winter, T. (2013) â€Å"The Sustainability Manager: A Tool for Education and Training on Sustainability Management.† Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. Biermann, F. Bernd S. eds.( 2009) â€Å"Managers of Global Change: The Government and Policy.† Environment and Planning Control. 30(4) pp.571-90 Biermann, F. (2010) â€Å"Beyond the Intergovernmental regime: recent trends in global carbon governance†. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2 (4) pp. 284-288 Cassesse, S. (2010) â€Å"Is There a Global Administrative Law?†.The Exercise of Public Authority by International Institutions. 210. pp. 761-776 Fiegener, M. (1994) â€Å"Matching Business-level Strategic Controls to Strategy: Impact on Control System Effectiveness. Journal of Applied Business Research. Vol. 10 (1) Frederiksen, B.S. (1995) â€Å"National Responses to the EC Nitrate Policy.† Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. Vol. 38 pp.253 – 264. Fuerest, F. Mcallister, P. (2011) â€Å"Green Noise or Green Value? Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification of Office Values. Real Estate Economics. Vol, 39 (1) pp.45-69 Gerlagh, R. and N.A. Mathys. (2011) â€Å"Energy Abundance, Trade and Industry Location.† Working Papers Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. . Grieg-Gran, M., I. Porras, S. Wunder. (2005)†How can market mechanisms for forest environmental services help the poor?† Preliminary lessons from Latin A .Influence of International Environmental Bureaucracies. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press Henri, J. Journalt, M. (2010) â€Å"Eco-Control: The Influence of Management Control Systems on Environmental and Economic Performance.† Accounting, Organizations, and Society. Vol. 36 (1) pp. 63-80 Keohane, R. O. (1984) After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Princeton: Princeton University Press. Keohane,N. O. (2010) Thinking about Leadership. Princeton: Princeton University Landes, D. S. (1998) The wealth and poverty of nations: why some are so rich and some so poor. W. Norton, New York, New York, USA. Nielsen, J. Jensen, T. (2013) â€Å"Environmental Epidemiology†. Essentials of Medical Geology. 537=547 Sadiq, S. Governatori, G. (2010) â€Å"Managing Regulatory Compliance in Business Processes†. Handbook on Business Process Management. 159-175 Scott, R. (1998.) Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems. Prentice Hall. Sim, A.B. Teoh, H.Y. (1997) â€Å"Relationships Between Business Strategy, Environment and Controls; A Three Country Study.† Journal of Applied Business Research. Vol. 13 (4) Tessitore, S., Daddi, T., Iraldo, F. (2010) â€Å"The link between environmental and economic performance: evidence from some eco-innovative industrial clusters†. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development. 12 pp. 124-144 Toffel, M., Short, J. Ouellet, M. (2012) â€Å"Reinforcing Regulatory Regimes: How States, Civil Society, and Codes of Conduct Promote Adherence to Global Labor Standards.† Harvard Business School Technology and Operations Management Unit Working Paper 13. Voigt, S. (2012) The Economics of Informal International Law: An Empirical Assessment. In Informal International Lawmaking. edited by Joost Pauwelyn, Ramses A. Wessel, and Jan Wouters. New York: Oxford University Press Wilson, J. (1991) Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do And Why They Do It. Basic Books

Classification of Accounting Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classification of Accounting Systems - Essay Example (Shalin and Alan, 1999). The main differences between the two systems is in terms of reasoning and degree of complexity. The deductive approach considers a priori theory based on knowledge or beliefs of the classifier while the inductive approach infers the general from the particular. It is data driven, considers large number of countries and rules and generates categories by making use of statistcs. Muller's classification system as cited by Gray(1998) states that the deductive approach is based on four distinct approaches to accounting development in western nations with market oriented economic systems including: This system was extended by Nobes who adopted a structural approach to the identification of accounting practices and assessed major features including the use of conservative accounting, the importance of tax rules, the strictness of application of historical costs, the making of replacement cost adjustments, the use of consolidation techniques the generous use of provisions, and uniformity between companies in application of rules. (Shalin and Alan, 1999). Although the deductive approach is very broad, it fails to take into consideration the effects of culture in the classification. There was also a failure in the methods used to obtain the groupings. (Shalin and Alan, 1999; Gray, 1998). According to Roberts et al, the classification systems under the inductive approach are as follows: Use of price water house data; Da Costa et al's study; Nair and Frank's Study; D'Arcy's Stucy; Having outlined the classification systems under the inductive approach, the paper will now give a more detail discussion of Nair and frank's study. In the inductive approach statistical analysis were carried out by Nair and Frank in which they analysed accounting practices in forty four countries using data from price water house coopers. in the course of their study, a distinction was made between measurement and disclosure practices. Five groups were identified in terms of measurement while seven groups were identified in terms of practice. An attempt was made to study the relationship of the groups with independent variables. there was no signicant relationship between disclosure practices and culture as well as between disclosure and economic variables. there was also no significant relationship

Standardisation of 0.02moldm-3 Potassium Permanganate Solution using Lab Report

Standardisation of 0.02moldm-3 Potassium Permanganate Solution using Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (Ammonium Iron (II) Sulphate) - Lab Report Example The reaction between these two chemical moieties is a typical Redox reaction in which electron exchange takes place as depicted below: 9.8 grams of Ferrous Ammonium sulphate was carefully weighed and transferred to a volumetric flask. 150 milliliters of Sulphuric Acid was added to prevent hydrolysis and the mixture was stirred until the solid dissolved completely. The volume was made up to the mark with de-ionized water. 25 milliliters of the solution was removed from the flask with a pipette and titrated with the KMno4 solution until the first appearance of permanent pink colour. At the endpoint all of the Fe2+ has been used up (reacted) and the purple permanganate is no longer converted to colourless Mn+2 so the pink colour remains and the reaction solution will have a permanent pink tinge to it (Web, Undated). A second titration was performed to substantiate data for analysis and reduce scope for error. The strength of the unknown Potassium permanganate solution in this reaction is calculated by titrating it a known molar solution of Ferrous Ammonium sulphate which provides us with the molarity of the KMnO4 solution. This experiment proves that when molar composition of one chemical compound is known, and we can have a physical end point in a redox reaction with visible colour change, we can standardize the strength of an unknown compound by using the technique of volumetric

Business operational plan of Apple Inc

Business operational plan of Apple Inc Apple Inc. designs manufactures and markets the personal computers along with other mobile communication services, music and digital players. It also provides hardware, software and networks solutions and peripherals. Apple Inc. sells its products throughout the world on its retail stores, online stores, through the third party wholesalers and its direct sales force. It also deals with the variety of Macintosh i.e. iPhone iPod etc. It provides the services of the complete software solutions on its iTunes stores. Its consumers are those who purchase its products directly, enterprises, educator and governments. This company is California based and founded in 1977. It has capability to design and manufacture its own operating system. Business operational plan of Apple Inc. Strategic plan sets up the business plan of a company while business plan in turn establishes the business operation plan. Operational plan is the key to run the entire business of company. Operational business plan covers the all areas of company including the finance, manufacturing, internet, operations, RD, human resources and marketing. Apple Inc. was known because of its lenient business thinking. Apple Inc. has the design, marketing and manufacturing services. Company develops designs and markets the musical players with important accessories. The business of Apple Inc. is managed on geographic basis. There are five operating segments of Apple Inc. such as America, Europe, Japan, retail and others. In US, Canada, UK and Japan Apple owned stores are currently operating. Like other organizations Apple Inc. all the departments are formed by the placing the similar functions in the groups. As described before the main divisions of Apple Inc. human resource, finance, marketing and productions are adopted by the functional approach. In each division the functional subsystem and departments create hierarchies. Operational management is linked with the production divisions activities. The people in Apple Inc. are grouped together on the basis of their expertise and resources. It enabled the Apple Inc. to learn from its functions. The present structure in Apple Inc. has focused upon those activities which reduce the costs and increase the flexibility in its operations. The managers in Apple Inc. have a greater control of the organizational activities and avoiding the tall and other several hierarchies. A relative flat structure of the Apple Inc. has decentralized the authorities and responsibilities of its management. The managers and employees at lower levels are encouraged to take part in fostering the companys strengths. The advantages of decentralization are numerous i.e. enhancing the planning, decision making and control processes. Apple Inc. has focused on its marketing operations on the major business areas like iPod and iTunes. The marketing department shows a great responsiveness to the outside world. The finance treasury division of Apple Inc. provides the financial policy to company. This department is responsible to handle the international capital transactions of company, liquidity guaranteeing and risk management. In Apple Inc. the role of the financial manager is crucial for the strategic management. The capital required for the RD is raised by the Finance division which maintains the innovation position of the Apple Inc. Internal problems of Apple Inc. were in the form of the sale force accessing directly to corporations. Apple Inc. relied on the 300 manufactures while IBM had 6000 to 7000 direct salesman. However the Apple Inc. has focused to establish more sales staff. Many issues concerning to these sales person were noted regarding the prices of products. Apple Inc. has also marketing problem as it failed to communicate the Macintoshs business image in market. The fact that marketing strategy was not according to requirements and did not make it more famous in market; i t also did not focus upon the technology. Products are manufactured on the basis of customers needs. Apple Inc. needed the fundamental importance of getting close to market. Apple Inc. possessed the organizational structure which too had the management problems. The production and shipment problems exist in Apple Inc. as the IBM its supplier experienced the manufacturing problems and delayed the shipment of various products. In a market the speedy delivery of products is critical. Due to the Apples key dependency on other companies put it at the competitive disadvantage. Human Resource in Apple Inc. has administrative tasks such as meetings, conferences, special projects and seeks the solution for the fast paced store environment. Discuss both the internal and external factors that impinge on the business operations plan. Apple Inc. has faced the serious challenges during the last 30 years but recovered from those serious situations with advent of innovation. Apple Inc. faces the threat of competition because of free services in market. A good business achieves the market share by creating better legal services to customers. It can be compared with the bottle water which is better in quality as compared to tape water which is in approach of every person. However there is legal competition ahead in market. No company was successful to attach the market the before the Apple Inc. did so. Better service is directly related with the new and better technology. Roxio was the first company which followed the Apple Inc. to produce the products on the concept iTunes Music Store. Sony and Microsoft are other big players of market to download the services. On the other hand Dell Computers are partnering with MusicMatch. Traditional retailers like Amazon and Wal-Mart have presented their own plans. Apple Inc. is f acing the competition from these competitors and profiting the leading position in market. Copy rights issues are also concerned with Apple Inc. Apple Inc. faces the issues of jobs as a part of their system. Sales force for the direct access to corporation is required for the success of business operation plan. IBM has the direct salespeople more than 6000 while Apple Inc. relied only on the 300 manufacturers representatives. The reason behind the small number of sales force may be the selling Macintoshes at lower prices as compared to dealers (Brady, 1989). Economic Conditions Apple Inc. Economic conditions of world impact directly on the performance and financial results of Apple Inc. investor must not consider the historical trends for the future performance of Apple Inc. there are several reason behind this which pose the risks on business of Apple Inc. Uncertainty about the current global economic conditions are also posing threats because business could not continue due to tight credits, negative news about finance, decline in asset values. Apple Inc. sets the prices of its products to consolidate the Dollars value. Macroeconomic factors along with other factors affect Apples business operation plan. The demand can be influenced by the increase in prices of fuel and energy, condition of mortage real states markets, consumers confidence and health labour costs. These economic factors adversely affect the demand for companys product. It also affects the operating results and financial conditions of Apple Inc. Impacts of environmental and technological changes on the business plan of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. has made efforts to satisfy its stakeholders in various ways. It included all the environmental issues for its corporate governance. It has satisfied the employees, local communities and general public by minimizing the environmental impacts on its entire business operations; integrated the sound environmental, safety management and health practices. The environmental mission statement of Apple Inc. has integrated all above mentioned practices into all business operations to ensure that it offers technologically innovative products. Apple Inc. aims to communicate on the policy which provides the benefits of environmental consciousness, safety maximization, energy efficiency and health protection to its various stakeholders. In the HRM objectives Apple Inc. has adopted the strategies because of the consumers preferences as the external environmental force. The HRM of Apple Inc. has established the partnership agreements to keep the trust and fairness. The recruitment policy of the HRM is modified in the ways to adapt the external changes in environment. Therefore the higher number of skilled staff is recruited in the area of web development; web is considered a preferred medium for the technology professionals for applications. A positive work environment has proved that Apple Inc. is outstanding for the visionary products. The organizational competency of Apple Inc. is increased by the HRM. Apple the Inc. is in an exclusive position. It has produced both software and hardware; it cannot be analyzed only the PC manufacturing company. It is also providing the software solutions, server producer and online contents. Technology Advancement The changes in technology has affected the barriers of entry and impacted the business operations of Apple Inc. The changes in digital music industry are working now on common format to make them available for the music players. The reason behind the limiting the download contents is to determine the users acceptance of Apples product. Bundle of solutions are provided by the Apple Inc. with refined and good products. By providing high quality products to end users the technology sector is making changes rapidly. These are the diversified efforts which Apple Inc. keeps its design and innovation more focused with the use of best performance and prices according to the external and internal environmental changes. Due to its distinctive competencies like product design, innovation, educational skills and digital entertainment; company has acted as a leader in the digital lifestyle. Apple Inc. has used its strengths for the purposes of creativity, technological development and innovation. It has gained competitive advantage over other companies in the industry because it offers multiple products with lower values. Organizational structure and control system of Apple Inc. improved the information and knowledge availability. For the Apple Inc; innovation and technology are the key driving forces of its mission and strategy (Morden, 1993). For the effective operation management system IT is a driving factor and management information system is the basic requirement for the strategic development. Efficiency of operation management is improved by the use of IT as it increases the quality and availability of information and leads to cost saving (Ibid, 1993). Apple Inc. is using the SAP and ERPs systems to speed up the customers orders. Apple Inc. has implemented the i2 technologies (www.industryweek.com/currentarticles). Importance of good business operations planning to the overall success of the business at Apple Inc. Apple Inc. has many successful factors that determine its success in key areas of the operations. An important factor that is apparent is about the vision of the organization. It is true that creative energy always begins with vision. These organizations impact significantly on the world (Collins Porras, 2004). Apple has a very clear and purposeful vision which can be seen through the innovative products for the last many years (Senge, 2006). The main purpose of the Apple Inc. was to develop the computers for the world and making contribution to the world by its advance technology products. Beside this vision Apple Inc. takes further steps of actions which are practiced throughout the organization. In the Apple Inc. employees were able to lay the foundations to achieve the long term goals. They were able to start the business at small scale and contributed at a higher level. The company acted upon the Kotters model and understood the potential uses. The success of the Apple Inc. is attributed to the capability of the company making refinements and building the more powerful products. The company has changed the core nature of the business. The Apple Inc. innovated the (GUI), file folder and desktop metaphor. Kotters 7th step manifests by using the credibility to make changes in system, policies and structures (Kotter, 2007). Apple uses the core competencies which the employees have acquired through redefining the market segmentation. Apple has met many successes and overcome the challenges. Apple Inc. has made changes and implemented new policies because of changing trends of computer markets. Apple Inc. is a computer technology which is best known due to its innovative structure. It is focusing upon the production of personal computers. In the advent of evolving technology it has shifted into the electronic market. Apple Inc. operates its business in more than 170 retail stores in US, Japan, UK and Canada. It has produced more friendly computers for the consumers. All of the achievements at Apple Inc. are attained through the people who design and develop the products and staff at the retail stores. Why is the business operation plan important at Apple Inc? This business operation plan is important because it generates the steady increasing revenues and sending its products in the big markets of the world. Due to its good leadership the Apple Inc. achieved the high profile. Three manufacturing facilities are shaping the foreign operation in countries like Ireland and Singapore. Due to its internal strengths and successful business operation Apple Inc. has become a competi tive company. It has footed in the computer market with an innovative style in the computer market. It production system is well handled as the operating system is free of all tangles of the Microsoft operating systems. In the physical appearance, usability and specifications; it has given a large degree of control to company. Apple Inc. encourages the RD environment and constantly releasing the products as seen in the latest Mac mini and iPod. It has made the Apple Inc. a big innovative company and brings the creative and new ideas in the computer market. Capital Structure: Corporate policy has yielded good results. Apple has paid all the debts which suggested that desired operations of company and growth of company by equity and not by the debt. Managerial qualities and resources necessary for effective business operation planning The issues in quality of products attracted the attention of business. The management concept is rendered by the wave of successful entrepreneurship. Top managers are committed to make decisions before communicating fully with all those who are involved in it. When subordinates ask for the decision the top managers think about the organizational response towards the decision for strategic plan. Ways of decision making enhance the business operations and credibility throughout the organization Apple Inc. People love to purchase the products of Apple Inc. because of power, easier way to use and reliability. The business managers at Apple Inc. ensure the delivery of the products to companies according to their requirements. Business customer contacts the business managers and long term relationships are established between them (http://www.apple.com/jobs/us/retail.html#business). Apple Inc. management has the ability to sell its products having no supply chain system. It earn the revenu e by the selling the iPod devices and Mac computers. Its iTunes virtual stores are generating the revenue more than $ 1 billion every year (David, 2010, p: 72). The managers at Apple Inc. face the incentives of using the strategies to control the earnings in many traded companies. The managers are allowed to purchase the stocks. In this way the staff at Apple Inc. is encouraged (www.sec.gov). The management system of Apple Inc. has policies and procedures, responsibilities and roles of its managers. For example a best health management system is maintained by the concerned managers to ensure the safety and health of its employees. If any inadequacy is seen in this system then top managers adopt the corrective actions including the verification through audit processes. Apple procurement managers are responsible to manage the business relationship with suppliers and coordinate the Apples supplier responsibility auditor. Apple Inc. has five divisions to manage the products and marketing departments of the company. These five divisions are responsible to evaluation and manufacturing of the devices, software and hardware of computer system. The four support divisions also work to handle the marketing and post sale products. A new position of Chief Operation Officer was created by Scully to centralize the operations and involving the senior management in the daily business decisions (Annual Report, 1988). Human Resource (HR) is responsible for the safeguarding the most valuable assets of the Apple Inc. It handles the many programs of the company to achieve the companys goals. Human resource at Apple Inc. is also responsible to reach at the needed resources. The Apple Inc. has six important valued creation functions including the marketing, RD, finance, Human resource management, information systems and operations and logistics. The chain of activities required to transform the inputs into outputs are pr imarily concerned with actual design, manufacturing, delivery, marketing of products and customer support activities. The ultimate task of the RD resource at Apple Inc. includes the new innovation and use of technology which meet the customers requirements (Hill Jones, 2004). Information system at Apple Inc. is an important asset which provides the business assisting facility. For the success of the business operation plan the information system is a core to keep the business run online without any obstacles. Other valuable resources which have potential powers for the customers as well as the management at Apple Inc. include the servers which distribute the information about Apples products and create new internet resources for the mailing list, online feedback and further open the communication lines. From the above discussion it can be concluded that Apple Inc. is a well known development and business company of the world. Its success lies in its business operation plan which indeed depends upon the various necessary actions taken from the design of the product to sale of the product.

Health Care Access Options Essay

Community can be defined as a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage (Dictionary.com, 2015). The health care needs of a community are contingent upon age, gender, race, and social class. This paper will address the marketing strategy of a web-based resource, walk-in clinic, and a retail clinic within one community. Research will cover the audience in which the organizations wish to target, how they market to The target audience, the effectiveness, and what could be done differently to improve marketing strategies. The Health Resources and Services Administration Maternal and Child Health web page is dedicated to helping women improve the health and wellness of their communities. The wealth of information provided allows women to educate themselves on a variety of topics. The mission of the Bright Futures for Women’s Health and Wellness Initiative (BFWHW) is to plan, develo p, implement, and evaluate a variety of culturally competent, evidence-based consumer, provider, and community tools for women across their lifespan. Materials help women of all ages achieve better physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health by encouraging healthy practices (US Health Resources & Services Administration, 2015). By providing easily downloaded toolkits or an 800 number if internet is not available, BFWHW targets the female audience effectively. By choosing to target only women, the site narrows its market. To improve and broaden their market, the site might add information that target men to educate first time fathers, suggest helpful tips for helping around the house, and provide information or links to support groups for men and teenagers. Cigna Urgent Care is the community walk in clinic. The featured services provided include primary care and pediatrics. Specialty services include outpatient surgery, podiatry, neurology, pharmacy, Health for seniors, imagery, and vision  centers (Cigna HealthCare of Arizona, 2015). The clinic provides care for every age, infants to seniors. Open to the public 365 days ou t of the year, and staff board certified doctors to treat a wide variety of conditions. One Saturday a month, the clinic offers well check-up appointments for women only. Targeting all audiences, with a focus on women’s health for convenience. Cigna also targets senior health, providing health education classes. The website allows easy access to information and is user-friendly. The marketing strategy is effective with olive branches extended to all generations, easy access to information, and several locations. Individuals can now receive health care services while shopping for groceries. CVS introduced minute clinic over a decade ago and now have over 800 locations nationwide (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Targeting audiences that have very little time to schedule an appointment with a primary care physician, the minute clinics offer walk-in services for a variety of health care needs. Staffed by nurse practitioners and physicians assistants that specialize in family health care (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). The minute clinics accept most health insurance and offer flexible and affordable payment options to individuals with no health insurance or those who are underinsured (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Practitioners diagnose, treat and write prescriptions for common family illnesses such as strep throat, bladder infections, pink eye, and infections of the ears, nose, and throat (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Provide common vaccinations for flu, pneumonia, pertussis and hepatitis. (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Treat minor wounds, abrasions, joint sprains, and skin conditions such as poison ivy, ringworm, lice, and acne. Provide a broad range of wellness services including TB testing, sports and camp physicals, and lifestyle programs such as smoking cessation and a medically based weight loss programs (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Offer routine lab tests, instant results and education for those with diabetes, high cholesterol or high blood pressure (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). Provide care for adults and children 18 months and older for most services and share records with primary care provider with patient permission (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). The website offers a price list for all services provided, as well as educational information for a variety of health care issues. Being the official sports physical provider of Pop Warner Football, and official retail medical clinic of USA Football (CVSHealth, 1999-2014). is an  effective marketing strategy to target sports organizations in the community. The CVS minute clinic is successful in reaching all target audiences. The three health care organizations researched used effective marketing strategies to reach the target audience. Without research and effective marketing, an organization will set itself for failure. Targeting the desirable audience is the key to successf ul community clinics. References Cigna HealthCare of Arizona. (2015). Cigna Medical Group. Retrieved from http://www.cigna.com Communities. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved January 30, 2015, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/communities CVS.com. (1999-2014). Retrieved from http://www.cvs.com/minuteclinic/services CVSHealth. (1999-2014). Minute Clinic. Retrieved from http://www.cvs.com For Kids To Do. (2015). Retrieved from http://forkidstodo.net US Health Resources & Services Administration. (2015). HRSA. Retrieved from http://mchb.hrsa.gov/womenshealth/resources

Economics, Effects of Specialization Essay

Specialization basically means when an individual or businesses produce a narrow range of products in simple words, when a person or business focuses on producing one type of product because they are good in producing that product. International exchange allows for specialization, which is when one producer produces the good that comes at the least cost of production and opportunity to him or her and then trades for those goods that come at a higher production or opportunity to him or her. The law of comparative advantage explains how people can gain from trade and specialization. Comparative advantage is defined as the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than others can produce it. Therefore, specializing gives that country a comparative advantage over others. specialization also leads to economic interdependence which is when producers in one nation depend on other to provide good and services that they do not produce. ere’s an example : lets say China produces 500 fish and 200 cheese and Canada produces 200 fish and 500 cheese , China will stop making cheese and focus on producing more fish and Canada will stop making fish and focus more on producing cheese , in the end , they will end up trading , this is economic interdepedence when another country relies on another country for a product or service. Not only does it lead to mutual gains by allowing different countries to specialize in the production of those things they do best, but it also allows them to import goods that foreign producers are willing to supply at a lower cost than domestic producers. Resources and such differ from country to country and give some countries an advantage to producing some goods over others and prove to be more profitable and advantageous to all. By allowing for international trade, countries can specialize in those goods that they can produce most economically and them offer them to consumers at a cheaper, more affordable, and more economical price. Absolute advantage is a situation in which a nation as a result of its previous experience can produce more of a good, with the same amount of resources, than another nation. till , this doesnt mean that just because one country has an absolute advantage that the countries cannot gain from international trade. countries can still gain as long as relative production costs differ. 3 reasons why International trade is necessary International trade allows countries to learn from each other and take in new ideas. international trade is needed between countries is because resources that country needs are not available everywhere. international trade is necessary is that it reduces the risk for one economy.